These movements are involuntary, with an exclusive function of producing physical and sensorial self-regulation, limiting individual’s interaction with the environment. The most common stereotypical behaviors are rocking motion of the hands, nodding or shaking arms, sudden runs, body balance forward and backward, repeated manipulation of objects and finger movements, standing out from their significant interference in social interactions and learning during childhood. Several studies have indicated different treatment techniques used to minimize the effects and the intensity of the symptoms, including antecedent-based treatments, consequence-based treatments, extinction-based treatments, and combinations of treatment strategies, psychopharmalogical-based treatment, and the use of physical exercise. The intensity of the ASD symptoms can range from mild to very severe. Additionally, the prevalence rates may differ between countries specially in the case of under development countries where the lack of specialized services for the early detection of ASD contribute for lower prevalence rates.
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Estimates suggest that ASD occurs more commonly in males than females, with a gender ratio of 4.3:1 across the full intelligence quotient (IQ) range. The estimated prevalence of ADS is 1% in the North American population and 0.3% in the Brazilian population. The causes include genetic events, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, neuroanatomical and biochemical structural abnormalities in the brain as well as others still being researched. It also includes deficits in many aspects of social reciprocity, pragmatic communication deficits and language delays, and an assortment of behavioral problems, such as restricted interests, sensory sensitivities, and repetitive behaviors. The term autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a complex category of the neurobiological development disorders typically diagnosed during childhood.
Conclusion: Evidence was found to support physical exercise as an effective tool in reducing the number of episodes of stereotypical behaviors in children diagnosed with ASD.
Children with ASD showed a reduction of 1.1 in the number of occurrences of stereotypical behaviors after intervention with physical exercise. Results: The eight studies included a total 129 children (115 males and 14 females) with an average age of 8.93 ± 1.69 years. The dependent variable episodes of stereotypical behaviors was analyzed in all studies and assessed as the number of episodes demonstrated by the child in pre- versus post-exercise intervention conditions.
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Nine non-randomized intervention trial studies with low, moderate, and vigorous physical exercise, with a duration varying from 8 to 48 weeks and a frequency of 3 times a week, were included in the SRM. Materials and Methods: The design followed the PRISMA guidelines and the TREND statement to assess the quality of information in each study. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis (SRM) was to estimate the effects of physical exercise (PE) on the stereotyped behaviors of children with a diagnosis of ASD in intervention studies. Background and Objectives: Recent studies have shown the existence of a positive relationship between physical exercise, symptomatic improvement, and reduction of damage caused by comorbidities associated with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, adolescents, and adults.
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